Natural soil fertilization using sub soil

A PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF THE SOIL IN THE CULTIVATED LANDS
WO/2006/001030 dt. 05.01.2006
Mr Chintala Venkat Reddy of Hyderabad.

Top soil gets depleted of nutrients but subsoil would contain nutrients. Mr Venkat Reddy has developed a systematic process to turnover the soil to recycle the nutrients and allow time for the depleted top soil to rejuvenate it self.

He has also developed a simple process to supply the micro nutrients in subsoil to the crop through the irrigation water.

Abstract:

A process of improving the nutrients of sub soil by digging a portion of land called as trench to a width and length in the same land to receive the volume of the soil required to put the bed on the complete land as the top layer. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a novel process of improving soil fertility leading to high yields of cereals traditionally grown crop like rice in said agri-zone. In another embodiment, it describes the high yield production of non-traditional cereal crop like wheat. Both the system production warrants low or no inputs like chemical based fertilizers and pesticides. Higher yields coupled with high nutritional levels as a result of restoration of fertility levels in depleted soils are main results of the innovative process.

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A PROCESS TO IMPROVE THE NUTRIENT CONTENTS OF THE SOIL IN THE
CULTIVATED LANDS.

FIELD OF INVENTION:

The present invention relates to the field of soil sciences and particularly to the improvement of essential nutrient elements in the soil for improved plant growth, lower irrigation needs due to better retention of water, higher plant yields, with no or reduced pest attack.

The present invention is directed to a process to enhance cereal production by restoring soil fertility of depleted soil systems. Depletion was viewed a result of human-induced soil degradation as a consequence of over fertilization by demands of intensive cropping practices in successive seasons, soil erosion due to natural factors, improper water management and continuous cropping. The present Invention reduces the need for high inputs like chemical fertilizers and pesticides, restores inherent soil fertility, betters soil characteristics like Water Holding Capacity, clay content, low porosity resulting in high yields with better nutritive capability without unbalancing the fragile ecology of soil.

The present invention reduce the need for addition of high inputs like chemical fertilizers, restores soil fertility, better soil profiles and physical state and increases higher output of crop produce both in quantitative & qualitative terms.

REFERENCES:

Henry D. Foth, 1990, Fundamentals of Soil Science, 8th Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.
David Tilliman et al 2002, Agricultural Sustainability and intensive production practices, Nature 418,671 -677.
Byeriee D 1996, Modern varieties, and sustainability-recent experience and emerging challenges, World Dev 24:697 - 718 Cassman, K.G., 1999, Ecological Intensification of Cereal Production Systems; yield potential, soil quality & precision agriculture. Pro. Natl Acad. USA 96, 5952-5959.

Pinstrop-Andersen and R.Pandya-Lorch, 1996. Food for all in 2020-can the world be fed without damaging the environment, Environ. Conserv. 23, 226-234
Cassman et al, 1993, Nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice: What are the key constrains, Plant Soil 155/156, 359-362
Patent No.2224398; Salanginas L. A; Satubaldin K. K.
Patent; US 20040050561 ; Lewellen, Dennis L.; et al; Method and apparatus for tilling an agricultural field.
Patent; US 6,695,892; Fischer,- et al.; Organic fertilizer having humic properties itsmethod of production and its use.
Patent; US 20040043445; Daniels, Ralph S., Oilseed extract products and uses.

Vyavasaya Panchangam, 2004-2005 (telugu lang. India), Compilation of cultivation methods 2004-05, Edited by Dr. D.Ramchandra Reddy et al, Acharya N.G.Ranga Agricultural Univeristy, Hyderabad, India, page no. 10, 14-15.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:

The soil can be viewed as a mixture of mineral and organic particles of varying size and composition concerning plant growth. The particles occupy about 50% of the soil's volume. The remaining soil volume, about 50%, is pore space, composed of pores of varying shapes and sizes. The pore spaces contain air and water and serve as channels for the movement of air and water. Roots anchored in soil support plants and roots absorb water and nutrients. For good plant growth, the root-soil environment should be free of inhibitory factors. The three essential things that plants absorb from the soil and use are: (1 ) water that is mainly evaporated from plant leaves, (2) nutrients for nutrition, and (3) oxygen for root respiration.

Plants need certain essential nutrient elements to complete their life cycle. No other element can completely substitute for these elements. At least 16 elements are currently considered essential for the growth of most vascular plants. Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are combined in photosynthetic reactions and are obtained from air and water. These three elements compose 90% or more of the dry matter of plants. The remaining 13 elements are obtained largely from the soil. Nitrogen(N), phoshorus(P), potassium(K), calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), and sulfur(S) are required to as the macronutrients. Elements required in considerably smaller amount, called micronutrients, are boron(B), chlorine(CI), copper(Cu), iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), molybdenum(Mo),~and zinc(Zn). Cobalt (Co) is a micronutrient that is needed to only some plants.

In nature, plants accommodate themselves to the supply of available nutrients. Seldom or rarely is a soil capable of supplying enough of the essential nutrients to produce high crop yields for any reasonable period of time after natural or sub-soil lands are converted to cropland. Thus, the use of animal manures and other amendments to increase soil fertility (increase the nutrient ions) are ancient soil management practices. Reported in Fundamentals of Soil Sciences by Henry D. Foth.8th Edition, 1990, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Since these soils are cultivated for several times with seasonal crops continuously, the practice in recent times has been to increase the soil fertility or to increase the nutrient contents in the soil by using new organic and inorganic chemicals and products. The draw back of these products is that they supply only a specific nutrient content to the plants. In general, the plants require the nutrient contents in a conceptualization method. Therefore, it is known that soil with lower fertility levels, by over use of chemical fertilization can cause unbalance of organic matter, hardening of soil, and induces acceleration of destruction of organic matter. New incentives for ensuring higher productivity, improving quality of cereals without losses to soil ecosystems along with technology involving low input for farmers needs to be formulated if goals of sustainable agriculture of maximizing net benefits to society which it receives from agricultural production are to be harnessed (David Tilliman et al 2002, Nature 418 : 671 - 677 ) Through the usage of these organic and inorganic products, it is evident that the food grains grown are with high chemical content, which is harmful to the mankind on continuous consumption.

To over take the usage of these chemical products many have searched for the new ways of cultivation or farming. The only alternative is to again cultivate in a new piece of land where the soil is sub-soil, which contains all the macro and micronutrients sufficiently. This method is highly impossible as to cultivate every time in a new piece of land involves the laborious activities of shaping the fields, canal formation, plucking the weeds etc., every time they enter into the new lands. Further, to cultivate in new lands it includes the expense of purchase of the land every time.

Facing this hurdle every time, it is an accepted practice to cultivate in the same land that they acquire for the purpose of farming/cultivation. And when they cultivate the land and grow the crop every time they use all chemicals organic and inorganic to safe guard the crop from low yielding, shortfall of growth of the plants, higher duration etc. through which they supply the artificial nutrients to the crop which are required.

Therefore, by cultivating the crops again and again in the same fields the farmers are now habituated their cultivation methods along with the usage of the chemical products which harm the mankind.

Thus, ecologically based management practices including practices for increasing efficiency, use of nitrogen, phosphorous, water for high crop yields is want of the day. This coupled with better nutritional levels of produce would help cope, the needs for health dimension of society. How can we accomplish dual objectives of improving yield levels and of preserving quality and quantity of ecosystem services provided by Earth's land and water resources along with low monetary inputs by grower? Several nations are providing incentives and policies in pursuit of sustainable agriculture ( Byerlee D 1996. World Dev 24: 697 - 718). Major change in production parameters are being voiced in at global levels. (Cassman KG 1999, Proc! National academy of Sciences, USA. 96:5952-5952) as current, practices of cultivation have induced losses related to environmental degradation especially soils, emergence of several biotic stresses and lowering of stability of production levels of cereals like rice and wheat. Several researchers are working new, viable technologies to overcome some of these problems. (Pinstrop-Andersen and R.Pandya-Lorch, 1996. Environ. Conserv.23, 226-234; Cassman et al 1993, Plant Soil 155/156,359-362; Patent no: RU 2224398;2004-02-27,EPO)

The inventor here has practiced a new process of increasing the nutrient content in the soil to gain the high value of natural resources. This also includes the new process of cultivation or farming before the irrigation by which the soil gets a new strength as it regains the lost nutrients completely.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION:

The invention is a process of increasing the nutrient contents in the soil to gain the high value of natural resources. Through this process the inventor claims extensive benefits and advantages.

1. The advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil makes the soil to restore nutritive value to depleted soils.
2. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil makes the soil to regain the new strength in the soil.
3. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil involves the non-usage of any chemical fertilizers and other inorganic products.
4. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil involves extensive growth of the crop giving a very high yield.
5. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil excludes the purchase of new land for every cultivation.

6. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil is by not using or reduced usage of chemicals, the danger of contamination of ground water is solved.
7. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil is getting high nutritive value of farm produce intern which reduces the need of diet supplements (artificial or natural).
8. Another advantage of the inventor's process of increasing the nutrient content in soil is to reduce the need of pesticides leading to safe farm produce with low toxicity levels.

Through the above advantages available to the mankind the inventor claims his invention as the novel, simple and useful to the every farmer/cultivator.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:

Excavation of sub-soil from a small portion of channel on one side of a field. The channel is 2.5 feet wide, 4 deep trench (fig.1) and soil excavated with proclainer. The topsoii to depth of 4" inches is scrapped and put into trench and covered. The excavated soil is spread on the field and basal dose of castor cake @1.4 tons /ha is applied. No chemical fertilizer as recommended by package of practices is added.

The inventor feels by this technique since there is no or reduced usage of chemicals, the danger of contamination of ground water which is a up-coming problem in this area is also reduced. It is a known fact that using chemical fertilizers increases the danger of chemicals getting leached into the ground water and tube well water in the areas, using the suggested methods of preparation the farmer strongly feels that natural resources are preserved, plants grow more vigorously due to better soil properties, texture, porosity, water holding capacity and due to high organic content built in the sub soil environment.

Thus increase in quantity and better quality produce is got by the farmer.